Prince Edward Island †Essay Essay

Executive Summary: Prince Edward Island Preserve manufactures and produced high- quality, high priced specialty food products. P.E.I.P.C. experienced rapid growth in its short history. In the first few years of its existence, founder Bruce MacNaughton expanded his company from one manufacturing and retail outlet in 1989, following a second retail outlet in 1991. The company also diversified and opened two restaurants in 1989 and 1990 respectively. It is anticipated that P.E.I.P.C. will continue to grow, with projected sales for the year ending January 1992, to reach one million dollars. In August 1991, MacNaughton, contemplated on future expansion. The two cities under consideration were in Toronto and Tokyo. Options under consideration include adding retail outlets in the aforementioned regions. Also under consideration is to increase wholesaling, and the use of distributors (hotel and airlines). Expanding the mail order business is also an alternative. Although MacNaughton has weighed some or all options to diversify P.E.I.P.C’s operations, it is unequivocally clear the company lacks clear vision, strategy goal and objective. MacNaughton’s business had been built on gut and emotion rather than analysis. However, this approach may prove to be insufficient for the future. It is difficult to execute a strategy if goals are not specific, can’t be described or understood. However, guided by the proper analysis of the external environment (SWOT), together with the firm-level analysis (VRINE Model), MacNaughton’s can improve P.E.I.P.C.’s long term competitive business position. Key Problems: This case highlights various strategic challenges MacNaughton face while contemplating expansion, and how to complete this objective successfully. The difficulty is to know when to close the gap between the firm’s aspiration and its current capabilities, resources and market position. The core issues identified in this case are: 1. Future Expansion 2. Product imitation 3. Product promotion – reluctance to explore the use wholesale and distribution networks 4. Financial Constrains– unable to secure suitable financing, experienced period of cash flow shortages 5. Managerial constrains 6. Seasonal Staff – inability to attract and retain quality staff due to the seasonal nature of the business Analysis and Evaluation: P.E.I.P.C.’s key resource is its geographic location. Prince Edward Island is most notable known for its pastoral beauty, slower pace of life, North Shore beaches and global image of Anne of Green Naples. Prince Edward Island’s well known reputation for the high quality of strawberries is the basis of P.E.I.P.C.’s marketing strategy and product differentiation. As the company grew, P.E.I.P.C. developed and achieved a diverse product line. This resource helped the company to establish a competitive advantage. In addition, P.E.I.P.C’s higher prices did not compete with low end products charges by competitors. However, this marketing strategy to differentiate their brand, introduced P.E.I.P.C to a variety of competitors. Another key resource is financing. Although previously listed as a core issue, the company has the ability to raise $100,000 of addition capital to finance future expansion by issuing preferred stock. P.E.I.P.C.’s manufacturing plant i s another key resource. Currently, P.E.I.P.C.’s production capacity is underutilized. The manufacturing plant operates five month a year, on a single, five days per week. Productivity levels can increase from fifty per cent to one hundred per cent by extending the hours of operation. Automating the bottling process could increase productivity substantially. The final key resource is its customers. Prince Edward Island and P.E.I.P.C. attracts thousands of tourists from over the globe. In additional to local marketing efforts, the reliance on tourists could increase P.E.I.P.C.’s global presence and raise consumer awareness of its products. A strategy must be formulated for the purpose of gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. MacNaughton should critically evaluate P.E.I.P.C’s performance measure for resources and capabilities by utilizing the VRINE model. The VRINE Model Value – A resource is valuable if it enables P.E.I.P.C to exploit opportunities to establish competitive advantage or negate threats. Japanese tourist comprises a large number of visitors to Prince Edward Island and Prince Edward Island Preserve, Co. outlets. The popularity of P.E.I and P.E.I.P.C’s products are well known to Japan. Essentially, the high level of spending by the Japanese, their fascination with P.E.I., traditions of gift giving and the amount of disposal income available to them, indicates that opportunities in Japan might be successful. Rarity – P.E.I.P.C can enjoy temporary competitive advantage, so long as the content of ingredients used to make its specialty preserves remain rare and scarce relative to it competitors. Inimitability/Non-substitutability – Other firms in P.E.I. has begun to retail specialty preserves in hopes to profit from P.E.I.P.C.’s success. Competitors might be able to imitate or substitute the value and resou rces quickly, at a low cost. Exploitability – With a solid vision, financial base, coupled clear strategy formulation and implementation of its objectives, P.E.I.P.C. can exploit their brand and products domestically and manufacture their products globally with the resources available. P.E.I.P.C can protect and increase competitive advantage by expanding its wholesaler and distribution network in Toronto. Initially, MacNaughton’s interest in Toronto was due to its size and local awareness of P.E.I. Successful expansion in Toronto can prove to be quite profitable for the company. Strategy planning for P.E.I.P.C. must also include a SWOT analysis in order to identify its internal and external factors that are favorable and/or unfavorable in achieving its objective. SWOT Analysis of Prince Edward Island Preserve Co. StrengthsWeakness Brand LoyaltySeasonal Business Structure Product DifferentiationAttract and Retain Quality Staff Local ReputationLimited Advertisement Broad Product MixCash Flow Shortages Ability to Raise Capital OpportunitiesThreats Expansion in Japan and TorontoProduct Imitation Extensive Distribution ChannelsVariety of Possible Substitutes Ability to meet Competitive PricingSupplier Power to Competitors Recommendations: P.E.I.P.C can also explore expanding its marketing reach in efforts to bring brand awareness through e-commerce and web based advertising. Additionally, plans should include hiring a sales and marketing team to assist in strengthening the company’s brand name and appeal. Emphasize on mail order sales by improving the quality of the catalogue and distribution reach. P.E.I.P.C. should consider automating the bottling process to increase production capacity and annual volume. The company should also analyze the profitability of large scale orders with wholesalers, hotels and airlines, and perhaps consider opportunities to expand in the U.S. Implementation: MacNaughton should take into consideration the use of additional key strategy formulation concepts such as, the strategy diamond, the five forces model off environment threats and the PESTEL model to help his firm establish and sustain competitive advantage.

Issues Identified Essay

1) The first issue of the case is whether Harry Hepburn, the president of Southern California Division of Robinson Brothers Homes should make the projection on the specific project more optimistic or not. By making the revenue forecasts more optimistic, the most likely outcome is that the project will be undertaken and his team of employees will keep their position. Otherwise, at the current estimated return projections, the project is expected to be declined, and Harry’s team will be partially laid off in accordance with the Robinson Brothers Homes plan on cutting costs as the company faces the slowing down market and decreased profitability. 2) The second issue of the case is to evaluate what can be done to either decrease the required IRR benchmark related to this project or to increase the expected IRR of the project. Due to decreasing margins on their recent construction projects RBH needs a project to bring their revenues and profits up for the upcoming years. RBH’s Southern California division (one of 15) and its VP Michael Borland have come up with a prospective project â€Å"The Platinum Pointe Land Deal† which has potentials to increase profits and revenues. The issue with it remains is that the project has a IRR of 21 and for a project like this Michael Borland and his division has calculated a required IRR of 24.5. Issue Prioritization: Both issue seem to be equally important, however it seems that IRR issue should be attempted to be resolved first: if the required IRR can be lowered without making the forecast too optimistic, Harry will not need to solve this difficult ethical dilemma at this moment. Alternative Generation: * Increase IRR * Decrease required IRR (risk) * Don’t’ change Ethical Problem: 1. Harry submits the forecast as planned. Consequences: project will be rejected and the division will be downsized 2. Harry makes the forecast more optimistic. Consequences: Project gets funded and employee layoff could be averted. RBH would lose credibility with joint venture partner if the project earns less  than the forecast. And some problems in ethical position. Evaluation of Alternatives: Way to increase IRR/decrease required IRR: [As Harry directly supervises the executives and the issue is about financial returns, the results control is the most appropriate for this issue.] 1) Let VPs know about the problem and the fact that this project is critical for the continuity of the division as is. VPs are: Operations, Sales and Marketing, Land Development, Land Acquisition, and Accounting. This understanding will help to establish the link between performance and compensation. 2) Together, they should come up with ideas and set specific goals for increasing IRR and/or lowering risk of the project in their functional areas. The targets set for VPs should be aligned with their functional areas/responsibilities as much as possible. If some targets involve more than one area, they should know specifically with whom should they cooperate to achieve success on that mutual goal. The idea behind it is that VPs should know specifically how can they influence the project’s IRR and risk, so they would feel responsibili ty and ability to influence and achieve their own specific targets. Second, the goals have to be as specific as possible, so that VPs would know how much more effort should they put to succeed. Specific possible solutions: * By not making the purchase (investment) until all political issues are resolved (June 2007 is the expected date), the political risk can be decreased to minimum saving 1.5% in required IRR. * With the appropriate goals and strict incentives are set for VPs as discussed above, the risks in development, market, and financial areas may be reduced by further cumulative 1.5%. Measures to be taken may include: hedging the interest rate risk with derivatives (financial), making early sales (market), securitization of debt (financial), overseeing the construction process thoroughly to ensure its timeliness (development), etc. It is important that other projects of this division, which are currently under way, would not be neglected or paid less attention to. They are also crucial for the division’s success (637 homes in 2006 and $235 in revenue). Harry should oversee their work in order to ensure that no risk manipulation and  unjustified assumptions/forecasts take place. Ethical issue [There are really no alternatives for this issue – there is only a question: â€Å"Should Harry stretch the forecast a bit or should not?†] * Harry’s action of making the forecast a bit too optimistic will not be left unnoticed by VPs. As a result, they may begin making dishonest acts on their own in the future acting on the example set by the president. (The cultural control may get broken.) * The management owns the fiduciary duty to its shareholders, as it is trusted with assets to manage. Shareholders interests should be put ahead of their own. According to the stockholder ethical model, the maximization of shareholders’ profit/wealth is of utmost importance. * Southern California Division of RBH represents a large portion of company’s business: in 2006 it is projected to sell 637 homes, while 2000 were built by RBH in total. Thus, the failure in this division may cause the financial difficulties on the company-wide level affecting other employees as well. According to the stakeholder ethical model, the acceptance of the project of higher risk would also be unethical. * If they accept, then in case of the unfavourable scenario, the company is likely to sell this project at a larger loss, as other development companies are likely to employ the similar IRR model for determining projects’ NPVs. Possible conclusion: in this case, under both stockholder and stakeholder ethical models, the project with the higher risk than required should not be accepted. Recommendation Decrease IRR. Implementation Issues Move discussion of incentives part from alternatives evaluation to here. * additional discussion on ethics (evaluation of alternatives) * additional discussion on IRR ((evaluation of alternatives) * implementation details Kurt: 1. Introduction: RBH is a medium-sized homebuilder. The company built single- family and higher-density homes, such as townhouses and condominiums. Its headquarters staff located in Denver, Colorado, and 15 divisions located in most of the metropolitan areas. 2. Problem Statement and Analysis: The market of the Southern California Division served had slowed, the division has to make price concessions in order to sell its homes. However, the construction costs were continuing to rise. Action controls: reduce cost , budgets , review and approval Harry wants to do the project (Platinum Pointe) which promises to provide over $100 million in revenue and nearly $ 14 million in profits in the 2008-11 time period. But the IRR of the project is only 21%, which is below the minimum required for a project with this level of risk – 24.5% ————————————————- The stock price had declined almost 50% from the all- time peak in 2005. POSSIBLE ADVICE Each division was self-contained, with its own construction supervision, customer care, purchasing, sales and marketing, land development, land acquisition, and accounting staffs. ————————————————- Redundancy : Assigning more people to a task than necessary The lag between acquisition of the land and sale of the final house built was three- five years. Reduce the business cycle The homes will be built in two formats: a triplex townhome and a six- plex cluster home, but the format had not been previously offered in Southern California. The residents of Southern California may not accept these kinds of formats. Harry and Michael want to lower the required IRR or to raise the projected IRR to ensure that the project would be approved. Personnel controlsï ¼Å¡have a conscience that leads them to do what is right find self-satisfaction when they do a good job and see their organization succeed Ethics and morality Annie: Background: RBH builds single-family and higher-density homes, such as townhouses and condominiums. RBH often had to make significant price concessions and construction costs were continuing to rise. The stock price had declined  almost 50% from the all-time peak in 2005. Because the homebuilding started slowdown in early 2006, so finances were expected to be much tighter in 2007. Harry, the president resisted the idea of downsizing of the division in 2007 and wanted to keep employee team intact. RBH spends considerable effort in preparing formal land acquisition proposal, which examines the proposed building project from housing development type, construction challenges and costs, marketing prospects, and environmental concern. The Platinum Pointe deal is a large one that would bring in considerable revenue and profits in the 2008-2011 time periods. Issues: 1. Modification of risk rating procedure RBH’s procedure requires the identification of risk in four areas: political, development, market, and financial. The risk of each project in each of these four areas must be rated as low, moderate or high. The higher a project’s IRR, the more desirable it is to undertake the project. Michael was disappointed about the Platinum Point site project because the IRR was only 21%, while the minimum required IRR for a project of this risk should be 24.5% (3.5% variance). The problem of existing risk rating procedure? How to assess the risk rating? By who? Recommendation? 2. Joint venture with other homebuilding company Advantages and disadvantages Recommendation? 3. Ethical problem- Harry contemplates preparing projects that were a little too optimistic to ensure that the project would be approved. Harry tries to disclose the degree of optimism in the forecasts or acting in a less than honest way. If Harry doing so, who will be harmed or put at risk? Waleed Issue: Due to decreasing margins on their recent construction projects RBH needs a project to bring their revenues and profits up for the upcoming years. RBH’s Southern California division (one of 15) and its VP Michael Borland have come up with a prospective project â€Å"The Platinum Pointe Land Deal† which has  potentials to increase profits and revenues. The issue with it remains is that the project has a IRR of 21 and for a project like this Michael Borland and his division has calculated a required IRR of 24.5. Possible ways to remedy this specific issue can be as follows: Solution: Increase IRR of â€Å"The Platinum Pointe Land Deal†: 1. Since the recent environment factors are forcing of margins to decline RBH may need to adapt to this situation just to have this â€Å"The Platinum Pointe Land Deal† approved. One factor identified out of the assumptions in Exhibit 3 – Purchasing Section is to allow more profit participation for the seller Jackson Development company. Currently set up as 50% share above a net 9% profit for the project. Giving the Jackson Development company a share of 52-54% above the 9% net profit will increase the â€Å"The Platinum Pointe Land Deal† overall IRR from 21% to closer to the required 24.5% (how by giving up profit will their IRR increase?) 2. Although the Southern California division is large for RBH but their overall exposure and knowledge in the area can be limited. For example, the market demand for the house structures (condo’s. Detached, semi-detached etc.) or even the market demand for amenities included (backyards, parks, garages, driveways etc..) is all the information that a local company native of Southern California will have better information of and RBH is disadvantaged to that. So the solution here is to consider a Merger and Acquisitions approach to hedge this information risk and to also expand the company as a whole. The project is large enough to justify such as move for RBH. This in fact will increase the 3 factor of IRR calculations the â€Å"Market† seen in Exhibit 3. As a result the â€Å"The Platinum Pointe Land Deal† IRR will increase bringing it closer the required 24.5%.

Alive, Miss Emily in A Rose for Emily by

Emily refused her father's burial. She told her her father was not dead, she finally collapsed and went for three days until proper burial (114, 1070). This indicates that it is difficult to say goodbye to the people Emily's mind. She is so close to her father that she can no longer own him. In addition to Homer, he is the only man she is. The town also began to appeal to the smell of women. Emily Greerson is known for the entire story as Miss Emily, and is the protagonist of William Faulkner's Roses for Emily. At some point in the Civil War, Emily was born in a proud noble family of nobles. Emily lived in a house that was once well decorated with his father and servant. The Gliathon family believes it is superior to the rest of the city. According to Miss Emily 's father, a boy is not suitable for Miss Emily. Because of Miss Emily 's father' s attitude, Miss Emily could not establish a real relationship with others, but her world seemed to be turning around her father. Emily's Rose: A factor that influenced Miss Emily's behavior, Rose for Emily is a fictitious short story written by William Faulkner, 1949 Nobel laureate. Faulkner's Rose for Emily is conveying a noble lady who lives a very secret and unusual life. Miss  · Emily has always been hidden by his father. He is the only man in her life and her behavior is unnatural after death. But her father's death is not considered the only reason for Emily's crazy madness. William Faulkner's Rose for Emily rose symbolizes William Faulkner's Rose for Emily. Miss  · Emily Grissen is a lonely old woman living a life full of love and affection, roses appear directly in the title, but the whole rose serves as a symbol. In modern times, roses symbolize emotions such as love and friendship. Romance symbolizes the dream of love and a lover. These dreams belong to women, I like Emily Grierson and have not experienced real love.

Plato vs the gospel of John Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Plato vs the gospel of John - Essay Example There is a great power of soul and this fact cannot be denied. Soul is responsible for self-movement and in case it is unable to move, then it loses its power and remains standing still on the Earth. A human being is associated with an earthy frame for the soul and once it is captured in this frame, it results in a mortal human being. In the gospel by John the main emphasis is made on the importance of a human being as a child of light. There is no serious emphasis made on motion, but it is more important to associate a human being with light. People are children of light for sure and this fact underlines that their souls and bodies are highlighted. Once a human being meets darkness and is captured by the hands of darkness, he feels destroyed. Moreover, there is more about a way of perfection in the gospel. Jesus clarifies pure truths to his followers and claims that it is necessary to follow his words and love him, because Jesus loves people and wants to breed the same feelings amon g his followers. Jesus is positioned as a mediator between God and people on the Earth. He outlines possible ways to self-perfection in the modern world. A way to God is a way of teachings and instructions of this divine entity imposed on the followers. Nevertheless, there is a strong necessity of every Christian to follow this thorny path and to live in compliance with the laws of God. A blind following the laws of God underlines a strong inner power of his follower and makes his people strong-willed and self-confident in case they are able to listen to the words of their Teacher. Therefore, in both abstracts there is a discussion about a way of perfection and the role of the soul. For Plato the role of the soul is one of the most crucial for every human being. Every soul should be open for a proper food and in this case it will not lose its wings. It is possible to claim that Plato considers a challenging way of the soul’s development on the Earth and in case this soul obta ins knowledge absolute in existence absolute than it returns to the Heaven and comes back home. Therefore, to reach the Heaven is to follow all the directions of God and be a strong person, which is striving to reach God’s goodness and tolerance. The highest part of the soul reflects its ability to be open to God’s new prospects and considerations. Thus, Plato is more focused on the power of soul and inner harmony, while in the gospel there is a clear dominance of a human ability to follow God’s laws. Still, a way of perfection and further life of the soul depends on the human ability to follow the laws of God. Otherwise it is impossible to reach forgiveness, tolerance, to love God and to be loved by him. There are different types of the souls and depending on the way the soul lived a life in certain frames, it will either survive or not in the human embodiment on the Earth. Of course, there are more philosophic considerations in the work by Plato, but there are more religious ideas in the gospel by John. Two different modes of narration are united by a common theme of God’s doctrine. Perfection of a human being is a perfection of his soul. This fact cannot be denied and it is evident that a human being has numerous opportunities to follow his way, but only the most steady, tolerant and patient ones, which are able to listen to the words of God will become immortal creatures and enable their souls to live many other life cycles. Therefore, a way of perfecti

St. Augustines Views on Sin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

St. Augustines Views on Sin - Essay Example 214)Regarding sin, In Chapter 11 of Book One of Of Sin and Merit, Augustine goes into detail of describing his views on sin. The title of this particular chapter is "Distinction Between Actual and Original Sin." He says: Obviously Augustine believes that through one man's sin, sin has entered the world and it has brought sin upon the entire human race. He makes it clear that he thinks the language is clear as well. Augustine elaborates further upon his view of sin, and how Christ plays a role in that worldview. It also talks about some of the benefits Christians have: Augustine is talking about some very specific positives here about being a Christian that don't have to do with sin except indirectly: that they have a secret communion with Christ; that they are blessed, justified, and have a spiritual grace accorded to them (Knight, 2008, pp. 1). Augustine, first as a Manichean and then as a Christian bishop, had some very interesting ideas about sin. First his notions of sin probably leaned toward good and evil. His later opinions would later be shaped into the doctrine we now have on original sin.

Write one page about the short story a rose for Emily by William Essay

Write one page about the short story a rose for Emily by William Faulkner - Essay Example Predictable stories are generally boring, and very common. Use of a non-chronological order makes the story more interesting and engaging for the readers. Another reason for the use of the non-chronological order in the story is to guide the readers’ emotions and feelings towards the central character of the play that is Emily. The story starts with the death of Emily that should principally be the end of story. Since the readers can only learn about the character of Emily through the eyes of Jefferson’s people, who discuss her in her absence, the readers tend to empathize with Emily. One example of this is people’s referral to her as â€Å"poor Emily†. In the first place, the title i.e. A Rose for Emily creates a perception in the minds of the readers upfront that Emily is to be empathized with. It creates a psychological effect on the readers so that they start feeling for

Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Synthesis - Essay Example Sean needs to engage students in the topics by reducing the verbal instructions and communicating his instructions or lecture through visual aid. Hence, he should inter-mix verbal instructions with captivating visuals to help him gauge their attention. This would give Sean a clear understanding of student’s knowledge regarding clay sculpting and what Sean needs to explain more. Students should start their own clay sculpture, but after fifteen minutes, students would be rotated and they would finish each other’s sculpture. This kinesthetic movement would make his expectations clear, and would also be a fun activity for students to finish their friend’s work. He should also make a rule for students that if they break something, they would have to pay for it. Sara needs to first use the Socratic method of learning, ask students for information and then fill the gaps with her expertise. Sara is dealing with students who are passionate about football, but there are also girls in her class she needs to consider too. Sara needs to observe class behaviour, as well as community behaviour. In order to understand better her class and community, she should use visual aids, like pictures of legendary football players, monuments and places that the community thrives on. This would make her feel close to the class and the community, and would also make her more engaged with the students (Horwitz, 2010). Sara should hand out different tests to students, to further assess their knowledge; the tests for boys could be designed in a way that it includes questions relating to football. Similarly, she should use the girl preferred topics for the introduction of new concepts in her math lesson for girls, which interests them most. Megan would have a clear picture of her student’s language capabilities, once she converse with them for some time. She should spend at least one week assessing their language capabilities by engaging them in

Information Security Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Information Security Management - Essay Example There is a need for ensuring an appraisal of the operations of the information system at Hewlett-Packard in a bid to consolidate an organized arrangement in the prevention of danger. In view of the rise in the level of an insecure system within the operation systems of Hewlett Packard, there is a need to come up with various measures that can curb the danger that the company is exporting. In addition, there is also need for addressing the possibility of the occurrence of disasters like fire that may end up damaging property within the company. Presently, the operating system the staff is using is susceptible to threats outside and within the company. There is need for a safe operating system that the staff uses in order to ensure confidentiality of information within the organization. This report comes up with the appropriate recommendations that have to be considered to ensure safety of the entire operating system. There were complaints raised regarding the access of computers without the knowledge of the users of the computers. The report looks at the provision of the use of passwords and various data storage devices within the organization. This research was conducted through investigation and filling of questionnaires by the staff members. A number of 250 questionnaires were distributed to the employees, and they were filled based on the scales that surround that security and confidentiality of the jobs that they do. The survey concentrated purely on the security of the work being done rather than the individual details in the environment. The staff members who took part in the survey were volunteers and their details were anonymous. The management having been briefed of the challenges being faced within the firm, they decided to appoint a team of IT experts led by the IT systems administrator to look into the situation and address the matter amicably before it got out of

IT systems failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IT systems failure - Essay Example The procurement manager crossed the limits by giving warnings and transferring the employees to other departments. The abovementioned problem has been identified and categorized as the cultural dimension problem among the technical, cultural and managerial dimensions of the problems (Feghali & Zbib, 2007). Being a project manager, I would recommend to not only involve the end-users in the development of the E-Pro system but also to earn their confidence; to do this is a desperate need. As the end-users are always helpful in identifying the issues and problems of the existing processes, they can provide valuable input for solving the identified problems. The end-users can also help review the prototypes and provide feedback, which needs to be incorporated before the final deployment of the IT systems. Moreover, the end-users should also be involved in the testing phase of the project. This leads to a conclusion that the effective end-users involvement not only saves money but also mak es the IT project successful (Kastner, 2010). Recommendation II The second problem that I have identified in the given case of E-Pro system development is the mismanagement of the key stakeholders. The IT and procurement manager has mismanaged not only the external stakeholders but also the internal stakeholders, who have a direct impact on the development of the system. ... In the case, the suppliers had not been informed about the development of the E-Pro system before the project was started. When the procurement manager informed the suppliers in the middle of the project, they had a number of concerns regarding the development of the E-Pro system; still, they have been ignored by the procurement manager. Due to this behaviour of the procurement manager, the suppliers became a hurdle in the success of the project. Keeping in view the abovementioned fact and being a project manager, I would recommend that all the stakeholders be informed about the situation in advance. It is always good to develop consensus in early stages of the project; it helps reduce the probability of disagreements or conflicts, which are harmful for the successful implementation of the project. Recommendation III I would recommend that superiors be always informed about the progress of the project as well as the issues that are being faced in the project. According to the case st udy, the IT and procurement manager did not inform the managing director of the company about the then current state of the E-Pro project. Initially, they did not inform the managing director regarding the lack of confidence and conflicts with the employees or end users of the developing system. And then nobody informed the managing director that even the suppliers were not happy and had a few concerns regarding the development of the E-Pro system. Eventually, when the managing director was informed, the situation had already been out of control and the company needed to abandon the project. It has been identified as â€Å"lack of information flows among all stakeholders involved† and has been categorized as a cultural

Strategic Plan for Eco-travel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Strategic Plan for Eco-travel - Essay Example This "Strategic plan for Eco-travel" essay outlines the necessity of strategic plan to make every business successful. The author analyzes a new business concept such as Eco-travel and a strategic plan for it. Eco-travel is a small scale business operating in the tourism sector and it is concerned with the provision of hospitality services to customers who mainly visit local community tourist attractions which are often overlooked by other big, established players in the same industry. This is a new business concept in the tourism sector which is dominated by established corporations. The customers mainly comprise of people from local communities as well as others from the neighbouring communities. Regional as well as visitors from different parts of the country are not excluded. The idea of this service was conceived after realising that established tourist operators often shunned local community resort centres as these were often regarded as small. Competitive prices will be offere d in order to stimulate business in this new tourism sector. â€Å"To provide a platform where all our customers can gain knowledge about their local heritage through promoting community tourism in a bid to bridge the knowledge gap existing among targeted clients.† Knowledge management is a key to the success of the company given that it is primarily concerned with educating people so that they become aware of the essence of protecting the environment in order to preserve their local natural heritage. In this case, the mission of the organisation demands that the knowledge base as well as capacity building among the targeted consumers have to be increased in order for the business to achieve its set goals. Measures have to be put in place to enable free acquisition, sharing and processing of information that can be in turn converted into valuable knowledge to the organisation. 1.2 Vision for Eco-travel â€Å"We are committed to become a leading community tour operator through responding to customer needs and changes that may take place in the market at competitive rates that are unmatched.† The organisation’s overall vision is mainly concerned with becoming a leader in the local community tourism sector in the future through harnessing on the strategy of knowledge creation management among the stakeholders involved. In order to achieve this feat, the company will primarily focus on quickly responding to the needs of the customers as well as constantly scanning the bu siness environment for any changes that may affect its operations. The

Louis Vuitton in Japan Essay Example for Free

Louis Vuitton in Japan Essay * What has made LV’s business model successful in the Japanese Luxury Market? What has made Louis Vuitton’s business model successful in the Japanese Luxury is foremost due to an aggressive marketing strategy they adopted in the country. Indeed with their heritage, the â€Å"savoir-faire à   la franà §aise†, the constant innovation, the quality of their products as well as an offered lifetime repair guarantees, Louis Vuitton has managed to make its Japanese customers loyal to the brand and succeeded to build its empire in Japan. * What are the opportunities and challenges for LV in Japan? Opportunities: Characteristics of the evolution of ageing Japanese population could be an opportunity for LV, such as wealthier families and older women with increased purchasing power. Moreover, establishing an Internet business, application for smartphones as well as expending a new range of products for men and children could be the next step for further growth in Japanese Luxury market. Challenges: The changes in Japanese society and mindset are the biggest challenge for LV. The new generation doesn’t have the same vision as the previous one, and with the gloomy economic context they are less inclined to tolerate high prices that had formerly created desirability. Moreover, the entry of fast fashion brand as ZARA, HM, UNIQLO in the Japanese market, offering quality at competitive price shook up the market share of existing luxury companies in Japan. The saturated market in Japan for fashion luxury, the continuous limited editions products and the possible departure of Marc Jacobs could also be pointed out as challenges for Louis Vuitton. * What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market? Consumer behavior is one of the biggest specific of the Japanese fashion luxury market. The Japanese way of consumption is different from the Western one, as they are known to be a group-oriented culture in which there was a real pressure to possess luxury brands, their way of consuming them seems more like a compulsory form of social expression. And with adapted marketing strategies successful luxury brand had made the Japanese luxury market the mass market. Otherwise, Japanese consumer are really sensitive to quality, price, creativity, and high fashion these are key factors for successful brands in the Japanese market. * How did LV enter into the Japanese market originally? What are the other entry strategies adopted later to strengthen its presence? The enter of Louis Vuitton into the Japanese market began in the mid 1970’s thanks to the Vuitton-Racamier family who had focused mainly on building a Japanese clientele. Louis Vuitton opted for a new strategy by opening its own shop-in-shops in Japan without the help of a Japanese distributor. LV turned out to be a pioneer in establishing its own subsidiary and exporting products directly from France to Japan. Otherwise hiring a local CEO and managers to lead LV in Japan allowed the brand to conduct the business more efficiently believing they are more able to make market-driven decision, as they are able to better understand the local people. Moreover, by offering architectural stores with an interior design comparable to that found in its flagship stores in Paris, LV has been able to revolutionize the whole purchasing experience in store matching the emotion brought out by the products. In order to strengthen its presence in Japan LV opted for several others strategies, such as hiring Marc Jacob who had created a new energy for each ready-to-wear collection, mixing tradition and innovation but also by collaborating with Japanese artists (Takashi Murakami, Rei Kawakubo, Jun Aoki) and launching limited editions products (exclusivity perceive by the costumer) that enable LV to increase its profit right away. * Will LV have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges? As said previously there is a shift in Japanese consumer preferences and it is even more highlighted due to the global financial crisis. Indeed, the days of charging a high price for products with a proprietary logo seemed to be gone in Japan. In this time of recession even Japanese consumers are becoming more aware of the value of money. Moreover, counterfeiting appeared even in the Japanese market where quality is one of the key factors in the act of purchasing luxury goods and it became a huge challenge for LV. Now that the fake bags are hard to distinguished from the genuine ones, Japanese consumer will buy fake LV bags that they will use for everyday life, even though they own authentic that they will save for special occasions. Though there was sustained slowdown in the demand for luxury goods in 2008-2009 due to the global recession, the Japanese luxury market would remain a healthy and growing industry and strategic decisions can overcome these challenges. On one hand LV decided to lower its prices, in fact they had made a seven per cent price reduction on its range of products. On the other hand LV designated Kiyotaka Fujii a new chief executive officer (CEO), which is the first change in the Japanese management team. This change in management enable the brand to have a new vision and new ideas such as expanding the range of products for children, sales of smaller products (wallets, sunglasses†¦), spreading business on the web, expanding its strategies and opening new stores in mid-size cities where the brand is not well-know.

Divorce Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Divorce Research Paper Essay Pondering question to get reader thinking about topic II. What the problem is d. â€Å"Children do not fall behind their peers in these areas during the potentially disruptive period before their parents divorce, the study revealed. Instead, its after the split that kids seem to have the most trouble coping. Include this from Healthday reporter Alan mozes e. What the child feels, they feel its their fault and makes them more upset III. Statistics f. What classes children with divorced parents are struggling in g. Average grades for the kids h. What it does to teens IV. My personal experience i. How my grades were before and after j. What classes I was struggling in k. My personal feelings about it V. Conclusion l. Say how parents really need to think about how it will affect their child before going through with it. m. My views on the statistics and why it is valid info n. Opinion about parents being more involved in children’s schoolwork. Christian Startt Mrs. Pantusa English 1 A. P Prep April 26, 2013 Divorce and How It Affects Children Introduction Divorce can be the most inconvenient and hardest long-term problem of a child’s life, affecting all parts of his or her life all because of the parent’s failing marriage. 41% of first marriages end in divorce (Irvin, M), which is a substantial percentage of marriage that has not followed through with their vows and left their kid’s normality in the dust. Grades, emotions, and innocence all are changed in the process of the divorce, as well as a new set of challenge and problems these kids have to face in everyday life. Divorce isn’t just a split between a family, it’s more of a life changer. â€Å"As soon as me and my wife Terri divorced†, explains Chris Startt, â€Å"basic life changed heavily. Laundry, cooking dinner everyday, and constantly worrying about my son’s grades has really kept me busy and stressed†. I asked Chris how his son’s grades were after his divorce. â€Å"When me and my ex were still together, Christian’s grades were outstanding, strait A’s. But later (a year passes) his grades went from strait A’s to B’s and C’s later on in middle school†. According to Healthday reporter Alan Mozes, â€Å"Children do not fall behind their peers in these areas during the potentially disruptive period before their parents divorce, the study revealed. Instead, its after the split that kids seem to have the most trouble coping†. Research suggests that the odds of a divorce occurring in a household before the children become grown rest at about 50% (Ahilburg and DeVita, 1992), with divorce rates beginning to soar in 1963 (Jeynes, 1999). A 60-year literature review of 347 experimental studies confirmed that many studies have concluded that divorce has negative consequences for childrens academic achievement (Kunz, 1992). Most research shows that the child’s math scores were the ones that were mostly affected. â€Å"Kim found that while a divorce is in progress, first, second and third-graders experience a dip in math test scores — a decline that holds steady once the divorce is final†. (Mozes) But, at the same time reading scores didn’t really seem to be changing, as research from (Mozes) shows that â€Å"†¦however, Kim found that reading scores remain unaffected†. When my parents divorced, about 6 years ago, I was 9 years old in 3rd grade and that’s when my grades went from strait A’s, to A’s and B’s, and then a C here and there. Mathematics really begun to get more and more difficult to concentrate to and the tests were getting harder to understand. Reading, however, was my strength in elementary school, and it remained un-affected after my parents divorce. Researcher Hyun Sik Kim explains, Reading is not that cumulative. But with math, you must understand previous things to develop. For example, if I do not understand that one plus one is two, then I cannot understand multiplication. Divorce really puts a child’s mind in motion. After the divorce the child may feel like it was his/her fault, causing stress and emotional problems. By this happening, the child will become more stressed by the moving between houses, therefor making it harder to concentrate on schoolwork and thus grades beginning to lower. My personal experiences also help support my argument. Divorce should be decided with caution; you have to think about how its going to affect your child and how its going to affect their future.

Financial Literacy and Stock Market Participation

Financial Literacy and Stock Market Participation Kinar Timilsina THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL LITERACY AND STOCK MARKET PARTICIPATION BY RETAIL INVESTORS IN NEPAL 1.1 Background 1.1.1 Financial Literacy Financial literacy is defined as education and understanding of various financial areas such as personal finance, corporate finance, financial services, public finance etc. It focuses on the ability to manage personal finance matters in an efficient and effective manner, and it includes the knowledge of making appropriate decisions about personal finance such as investing, insurance, real estate, paying for college, budgeting, retirement and tax planning. (Investopedia). Financial literacy alerts individual to save money for their retirement period. Investments in financial asset helps them to increase their future wealth. Lusardi Mitchell (2008) write more financially literate people are more likely to plan for retirement and as a result they accumulate more wealth thus they participate in stock market . Guiso Jappelli (2008), Kimball Shumway (2007), Lusardi Mitchell (2006, 2007), and Lusardi Tufano (2009) (in Calcagno Monticone, 2011) confirm that knowledge about basic financ ial principles in consumer and products is scarce and may not be sufficient to guarantee that individuals make sound financial decisions. Less knowledge of financial literacy means little knowledge of financial matters and terms related to them such as interest rates and risk minimizing techniques. Retail Investors who has little or no knowledge of finance, that is a person who is not financially sophisticated, is more likely to fall prey to high cost borrowing and pay a great amount of money to attainment different financial services (Lusardi and Mitchell, 2011) . The financially literate persons have more financial wealth (Lusardi, 2004). The leading to the financial crisis of 2007 was financial illiteracy . It is important for decision makers to integrate financial knowledge and skills with real life processes leading to better financial interests (Atkinson and Messy). 1.1.2 Stock Market Participation Share trading in Nepal dates back to 1937 when the flotation of shares by Biratnagar Jute Mills Ltd. and Nepal Bank Ltd commenced the share trading which were involved in opening plantations in Nepal . The establishment of a formal stock exchange took place in 13 January 1994 with the incorporation of the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE), which took over the Securities Exchange Center Ltd. established in 1976. It currently has a membership of 2 market makers 50 stock brokers. As per the Securities Act 2007, rules and by-laws they operate on the trading floor. The Nepal Stock Exchange (Nepal) is the main stock exchange in Nepal. It is one of the modern stock exchanges in South Asia, providing a fully automated trading platform. NEPSE operates the market on the NEPSE Automated Trading System (NATS. It adopts the principle of an order driven market. NATS is used to purchase sell physical as well as dematerialized securities. The basic objective of NEPSE is to create without cost marketability and liquidity to the government and corporate securities which is done by facilitating transactions via market intermediaries such as brokers and market makers, etc. in its trading floor. The headquarters of the NEPSE have been situated at Singha Durbar Plaza, Kathmandu Nepal Nepal Stock Exchange is the only stock exchange licensed by the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON). It was nearly 23 years ago that, formalized share trading commenced in Nepal under the Government of Nepal and trading was conducted under the rules and by laws formulated by the Association. It was only as recent as in 1994, that share trading in Nepal took a new turn with the establishment of a public trading floor and the introduction of the open outcry system of trading until 2007. In 2007, NEPSE moved to screen-based trading from open outcry by setting up Wide Area Network. It enabled stock brokers to be connected with NEPSEs server from their offices. The partial automation of stock trading has helped boost transaction volume. NEPSE has adopted a T+3 system. It implies that after 3 days of Trading, settlement of transactions should be done. The clearing and settlement procedures of the Nepal Stock Exchange were automated in 2011 with the establishment of the CDS and Clearing Limited. It is a company established under the company act promoted by NEPSE. The depository is known as the Central Depository System (CDS). CDS performs the role of central depository for Equity, Bonds etc. to handle these securities in dematerialized form. In 1994, an Over the Counter market for trading of unlisted shares was introduced for the first time in Nepal, Securities Exchange Center (SEC) managed the operation of secondary market over-the-counter facility. The delisted firms and state-owned corporations registers with the over the counter market (OTC) to allow trade of their shares. Shares without others finding out the price at which the transaction was done, can be bought and sold at the OTC market. Thus, the OTC market is less transparent than stock exchanges, and are also subject to fewer regulations in practice. The OTC market is rarely used to trades shares in Nepal. In 2012, shares of Nepal Bank Limited were traded in the OTC market for the first time where 71,928 Nepal Bank shares were transferred to its 2,664 employees that belonged to government. SEBON as the market regulator has been concentrating its efforts on intensifying statutory and legal frameworks which are the bases for the healthy development of Nepalese stock market. The main objective of SEBON is to flourish and safeguard the interest of investors by regulating the securities market, to supervise the entire stock market, sale and distribution of securities and purchase, sale or exchange of securities. SEBON provides licenses to stock exchange and securities business person. It also monitors the activities carried by stock exchange to know if they are in accordance with the laws, bye laws or not. As per the securities regulations the depository functions such as safekeeping, deposit, and securities certificates withdrawal and transfer of ownership/rights of the said instruments of Securities will be carried out by SEBON. Nepalese stock market is still underdeveloped and there is lapse that needs to be identified. Hence, the present study is conducted in order to f ind investors awareness and participation in Nepalese stock market. 1.1.3 Retail Investors in Nepal Investing Answers defines retail investors as an individual who purchases securities for his or her own personal account rather than for an organization. Generally retail investors trade in much smaller amounts than institutional investors such as pensions and mutual funds. Unfortunately, there is no data on the investors. But estimates are that there could be nearly 1 million retail investors (Ghimire, 2016) .The major problems of the stock market are unavailability of information, influenced by small number of large investors, insufficiency of legal rules and regulations, insufficient number of brokers and issue managers rumor based market, insufficient knowledge of investors etc. The retail investors are mainly driven by the rumor based market. (Dahal, 2010) . 1.1.4 Stock Market Participation and Financial Literacy While reviewing the previous research, I found that financial literacy can have direct implications on stock market participation by retail investors . People with low financial literacy are more likely to have problems with debt (Lusardi and Tufano 2009), are less likely to participate in the stock market (van Rooij, Lusardi and Alessie 2007), are less likely to choose mutual funds with lower fees (Hastings and Tejeda-Ashton, 2008), are less likely to accumulate wealth and manage wealth effectively (Stango and Zinman, 2007; Hilgert, Hogarth and Beverly 2003). 1.2 Statement of Problem There has been few research conducted on financial literacy in Nepal. Some of them are (Bharat Singh Thapa, 2015) College students have basic level of financial knowledge and their level of financial knowledge is determined by their family income, age, stream of education, type of college they study and their financial attitude. The study found that in basic level of finance, students are more knowledgeable while students are less familiar with bank credit, taxes, financial statement, insurance, and share markets. (Chaulagain, 2015) Financial literacy of individuals increases the likelihood of access to sustainable finance for identifying and consuming appropriate financial services competitively. The financial literacy is necessary but not sufficient condition for enhancing access to finance, neither it is a panacea for all the financial problems. Baidhya and Parajuli (2004) Awareness increase amongst the general public about the capital market, regarding nature of risk and return, through promotional campaigns, seminars, publications, and programs in FM/TV etc. In those research, they are focused about determinant of financial literacy and stock market awareness. In this research, we are concerned about the relationship between financial literacy and stock market participation by retail investors in Nepal. Probably this research has never been conducted in Nepal before. This research tends to meet the shortcoming of comprehensive measures of financial literacy and is linked with the economic outcome: Stock market participation by Nepali retail investors. 1.3 Research Objectives The main objective of this study is to find out the relationship between financial literacy and stock market participation by retail investors in Nepal and to measure retail investors financial knowledge. 1.4 Significance of the study The findings of this study will be useful to Nepal Stock exchange (NEPSE), Security Board of Nepal (SEBON), Policy makers, individual retail investors and different government agencies. With the help of my research, people will be able to know the impact of financial literacy on stock market participation by retail investors. My research will help the academic sector and business school students. Part of the core activity of the Securities Board of Nepal is investor education and awareness. As such the SEBON has a division to facilitates this divisions. Different financial awareness programs have been actively conducted over the years in diverse location. With this research, SEBON can formulate targeted financial literacy programmes, especially on stock market. 1.5 Limitation of the study There will certain limitation while doing this study . There is time constraint of 6 months Study is conducted in Kathmandu area only . The respondent while doing survey may not be willing to give the proper data 1.6 Research question/hypotheses Research Question What is the relationship between financial literacy and stock market participation by retail investors in Nepal? Hypothesis 1: Null Hypothesis: (There is no significant relationship between financial literacy and stock market participation by retail investors in Nepal.) Hypothesis 2: Null Hypothesis: (Gender, age, level of education and specialization on personal financial management has no impact on stock market participation by retail investor in Nepal) . 1.7 Theoritical framework       The theoretical framework is developed as it serves as a foundation on which the entire research is based . Investors awareness is referred as the investor literacy and updated information about the investment environment. InvestorsÃâ€" ³ exposure and information about the industry is measured by the level of awareness. Many research has been conducted in this area. some of them are: Paudyal (2010) Nepal particularly can learn from Indian market. India has formed National Institute of Securities Market (NISM) with huge physical infrastructure with the collaboration of industrial houses and different universities regarding investors education and awareness. Similarly, it can learn in the areas of the functioning of stock exchange central depository system of securities, instruments diversification, investors education and awareness building, adoption of information technology and opening the secondary market for NRN and foreign institutional investors (FIIs). Baidhya and Parajuli (2004) Promotional campaigns, seminars, publications, and programs in FM/TV etc. can be used to increase awareness amongst the general public about the capital market, regarding nature of risk and return. Volpe et al. (2002) Investors knowledge varied with peoples age, experience, education, income and gender. The online investors are more likely to be influenced by financial misinformation and manipulation. So, they should have more knowledge about stocks than normal investors to succeed in the securities market. Maditinos et al. (2007) Professional investors rely more on fundamental and technical analysis whilst individual investors rely more on noise in the market and newspapers/media when making their investment decisions. Jagongo and Mutswenje (2014) The very important factors that guide individual investment decisions were: reputation and firms status in industry, expected corporate earnings, expected divided by investors, and past performance firms stock. Luigi Guiso and Tullio Jappelli on Awareness and Stock Market Participation was conducted in 1995 and 1998. The objective of this study was a) to analyze the lack of awareness of financial assets (1995 and 1998) in Bank of Italy Surveys of Household Income and Wealth. b) to explore the determinants of awareness c) to find that the probability that survey respondents are aware of stocks, investments accounts and mutual fund is positively correlated with education, household resources, long- term bank relations and proxies for social interaction. Haliassos and Bertaut (1995) They investigated factors explaining financial education and finding among its results whether university education influences more weight in the decision to invest in the stock market or those with lower educational provision, preferring savings deposits as an investment option. Attanasio, Banks, and Tanner (2002) They studied about implications of limited participation in stock markets and the asset market. Their finding shows that a) the probability of having or invest in assets, is associated with factors such as age, and educational level b) the positive effect of higher education in the stock market tends to decrease over time. Roncallo (2009) In his findings, Colombian capital market was backward in comparison to developed countries, Latin American countries, and several Asian countries due to the lack of knowledge and awareness of the general public and businesses. And also, highlights that the creation of specially designed market such as the Centre for development of the capital market institutions, for the strengthening and development of this market, has failed to make a real impact on the target audience i.e. businesses and the general public, evidenced in the lack of knowledge about the importance and functioning of the capital market. (Chaulagain, 2015) Financial literacy of individuals increases the likelihood of access to sustainable finance for identifying and consuming appropriate financial services competitively. The financial literacy is necessary but not sufficient condition for enhancing access to finance, neither it is a panacea for all the financial problems. Baidhya and Parajuli (2004) Awareness increase amongst the general public about the capital market, regarding nature of risk and return, through promotional campaigns, seminars, publications, and programs in FM/TV etc. 3.1 Research Design A detailed outline of how an investigation will take place. A research design will typically include how data is to be collected, what instruments will be employed, how the instruments will be used and the intended means for analyzing data collected (Business Dictionary, 2016) . Descriptive survey research design will be used because research intended to explore the relationship between different variables which forms financial literacy and stock market participation by retail investors . 3.2 Population and Sample Size The population of study will be comprised of key players in the stock market, which includes investors, employees working in stock market and stock brokers. This study will be based in capital city Kathmandu, where stock market activities are concentrated and people get involved in share market from around the country. The sample size for study will be as per convenience-sampling technique and respondents will be selected as per their convenient accessibility. 3.3 Nature and Source of Data This study is both quantitative and qualitative in nature. It uses primary data obtained through questionnaires for analysis. Questionnaires are the most commonly used instrument in gathering and measuring qualitative data because they present the same questions to all respondents thereby fostering a comparable basis for assessment. 3.4 Instrumentation of Data Different statistical techniques will be used for analyzing data, which includes regression analysis and descriptive statistics . Graphs, frequency tables and charts were used for results 3.5 Models Specification The model that will be used in this study is based on the equation and econometric model adopted from Chong Lal, (2011) as below Y= ÃŽÂ ²0 + ÃŽÂ ²1 +ÃŽÂ ²2 +ÃŽÂ ²3 +ÃŽÂ ²4 + à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€  Where: Y = Stock market participation. ÃŽÂ ²o= constant term ÃŽÂ ²1 = Financial Literacy Score ÃŽÂ ²2 = Age of respondent ÃŽÂ ²3 = Gender of respondent ÃŽÂ ²4 = Income of respondent à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€ = disturbance term with an expected value of zero. The model helps better understand how the independent variables are related to the dependent variable and explored the form of their relationship. 3.6 Reliability and Validity of Data The research superviser and research expert of Business school will be requested to evaluate the applicability and validity of the research . Pre-test and re-test method will be done before the actual research . Bharat Singh Thapa, S. R. (2015). Financial Literacy in Nepal: A Survey Analysis from College Students. Financial Literacy in Nepal: A Survey Analysis from College Students, 26. Business Dictionary. (2016, 12 17). Retrieved from BusinessDictionary.com. WebFinance, Inc. : http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/research-design.html CDS and Clearing Limited. (2011). Retrieved from CDS and Clearing Limited: http://www.cdscnp.com/ Chaulagain, R. P. (2015). Financial Literacy for Increasing Sustainable Access to Finance in Nepal. NRB Working Paper series, 18. Dahal, S. (2010). A STUDY ON NEPALESE STOCK MARKET IN THE LIGHT OF ITS GROWTH, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS. Kathmandu. Ghimire, S. (2016, December 8). Retail Share Investors In Nepal. (K. Timilsina, Interviewer) Investopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from Investopedia: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-literacy.asp Investopedia . (n.d.). Retrieved from NASDAQ: IAC: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/over-the-countermarket.asp Kathmandupost. (n.d.). Retrieved from Ekantipur: http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2015-09-23/nepse-urges-otc-trade-of-shares.html NepalShareMarket. (n.d.). Retrieved from NepalShareMarket: http://www.nepalsharemarket.com/NepalShareMarket/NEPSE/Analysis/news/printerfriendly_news.aspx?news_id=NEW-003992 Securities Board Of Nepal . (n.d.). Retrieved from SEBON: http://www.sebon.gov.np/ The Himalayan TImes. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://thehimalayantimes.com/business/capital-market-may-need-another-exchange-to-spark-competition/ Wikipedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal_Stock_Exchange

The Second Industrial Revolution Essay -- American History

By the time of the Civil War, the technologies upon which the First Industrial Revolution was based were established in the United States. In the years following the war, the nation's industrial energies were focused on completing the railroad and telegraph networks of the North, rebuilding those of the South, and expanding those of the West. Once the devastating depression of the 1870’s depleted, the stage was set for the Second Industrial Revolution. New inventions came about to ease the production of goods that were being supplied. The creation of factories emerged by retailers who were struggling to meet the requirements of the masses surrounding them. The formation of power driven machinery was initiated in order to compete with others. These machines began to replace skilled craftspeople. Since this involved less people, labor costs were reduced, as well as the prices for the goods that were produced. Depending on the country’s needs, the machinery produced products by the thousands or even millions. The impact of these new inventions caused a dramatic drop of the life expectancy of the average citizen. Because most families were rather poor, everyone had to work. Since there were no child labor laws, children were sent to work in coal mines, and silk mills. Women also had to work, mostly in textiles factories or as seamstresses. Women and children were expected to work up to sixteen hours a day, doing labor that could cause serious injury, such as carrying extremely heavy loads. They were paid very low wages for their work. Women were paid around five shillings per week, and children were paid about one. Prior to the industrialization, women were never considered as an economic working force, but instead to take care of the household. During the industrialization, women had a big impact on the future but it was not easy for them, since it was often difficult to achieve their goals for equality in the male dominated society. Upon entering World War I, women hoped for more rights. They also had hopes of becoming equal to the white male. Without women, the Industrial Revolution would have never come about. Women make up roughly fifty percent of the world’s population; therefore a revolution without women would have been impossible since they were an important work force, such as in cotton factories or other textile manufacturing markets. For the f... .... However, this wasn’t always the case. There were improvements, nevertheless, people still got sick because of the unsanitary conditions of the factory. We would not be where we are today without the inventions and changes from the industrialization that took place to form a more ideal society. Our lives would not be enhanced with the technology that helps us to learn and grow. Without the growth of industrialization and the inventions it brought about, people would still be working on farms. It is easy to recognize the negative aspects of such a dramatic event. However, if the revolution is viewed as a whole, it is noticeable that the positive aspects completely outweigh the negative aspects. In the beginning, people struggled and suffered, but normally people do sacrifice at first with change and progress. As time went on, people gained more benefits, and their lives became better. Work became much less tedious, and most people found themselves with more leisure time. These are just some of the many aspects of the revolution that benefited the people as a nation. Sacrifices were made, which in turn, created happiness, life opportun ities, and an over all, betterment of life.

Inhumanity in Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man is Hard to Find and Shirle

In Flannery O’Connor’s, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† and Shirley Jackson's, â€Å"The Lottery,† both short stories deal with man’s inhumanity in different situations, and ending with a similar consequence. Jackson and O'Connor both use two characters to depict man having the power to manipulate truth and objection into something people accept. In O’Connor’s’ A Good Man is Hard to Find, the Misfit is a character in need of desired assistance, troubled and confused he wanders savagely murdering strangers. On the opposite side of the ring, you have a seemingly traditional early 1900’s Caucasian senior citizen traveling with her family. Hasting to waste time, the grandmother drives her family all through the Southeastern states. The two meet in a tire blow out, and for the grandmothers’ wicked mouth this will be the end for the entire family. In a haste reaction trying to spare her own life other than her already dead family, she extends her arm towards the cold killer trying to unravel the slightest last bit of morality the Misfit has. At that moment, her Christian morals are revealed, but sadly the old woman finally was silenced. The Misfit fired his g un, scared and just in awe at the hope and desperation the grandmother had in her Christian hopes of saving her life. Humorously towards the killing the Misfit quotes, â€Å"She would of been a good woman," The Misfit said, "if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life." â€Å"In Matthew 10:39 Jesus says, â€Å"Whoever finds his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it.† O’Connor delves into this paradox in several of the short stories in A Good Man Is Hard to Find. For instance, the grandmother in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† loses her earthl... ...er not using her voice caused her to lose her life; by not speaking she already had placed her hands into blind obedience resulting in her stoning. Being very inhuman, these stories tackle the very essence of inhumanity in tradition. Are you willing to play the lottery? Works Cited Hooten, Jessica. Comp. Baylor University. "EBSCOhost: Individualism in O’Connor’s A GOOD MAN IS HARD TO FIND,† (2008). EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. Connors, Flannery O' "A Good Man Is Hard to Find." Pegasus Web Server Home Page. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. Shields, Patrick J. "EBSCOhost: Arbitrary Condemnation and Sanctioned Violence in Shirley Jackson's "the Lo..." Vol. 7.No.4 (2004): 411-19. EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page. Dec. 2004. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. Jackson, Shirley. "The Lottery--Shirley Jackson." Classic Short Stories. Web. 15 Nov. 2010.

Mono Basin Volcanism Essay -- Geology Volcanoes Volcano Papers

Mono Basin Volcanism The last basin in the Basin and Range before the Sierra Nevada Mountain range is the Mono Basin. The Mono Basin consists of landforms such as the Mono-Inyo Craters, Black Point, Negit Island, Paoha Island, Mono Lake, Devils Punch Bowl, Panum Crater, and some others (Hamburger et al; 2004). All of these landforms were created by volcanism. Actually, the Mono Basin is in one of the most volcanically active places in the world (Forest Service; 2004). Paoha Island, Negit Island, and Panum Crater are the most recent volcanoes to erupt, which are the furthest north in the basin. The volcanoes' ages tend to get older the further south they are from Panum Crater; with the exception of Paoha. Eruptions in the Mono Basin have tended to occur in five hundred year intervals over the past two thousand to three thousand years (Molossia; 2004). Hot springs and fumeroles and other signs show that this area is still active (USDA; 97). Though there has not been any volcanic eruptions in the las t six hundred years, there is still evidence of volcanic unrest in the Mono Basin area. (The Picture above compliments of USGS). The Mono Craters were all formed within the last forty thousand years. These craters are localized on a north-trending fissure system that starts at the south of Mammoth Mountain up through the western moat to the north shore of Mono Lake; this system extends about fifty kilometers (USGS;2004). There are thirty domes that formed together (Molossia;2004). They were originally formed by the intrusion of a dike. About six hundred years ago when the magma began rising in the southern end of the Mono-Inyo Craters there was a series of eruptions and ground cracking. The dike was spreading both hor... ...is Panum Crater that is six hundred and forty years old (Topinka:2001). (Picture below compliments of USGS). Sources Molossian Institute of Volcanology. Long Valley Caldera. 2004 http://www.molossia.org.org/volcanology/longvalley.html Topinka, Lyn. Mono-Inyo Craters. Last updated 11/09/01. http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/livingwith/volcanicpast/places/volcanic_past_long_valey.html. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Mono Basin. National Forest Scenic Area. Inyo National Forest. 11/97. U.S Geological Survey. Long Valley Observatory Website. Mono Lake Area, California. 2004. http://lvo.wr.usgs.gov/Inyoeruptions/inyoflows.html http://lvo.wr.usgs.gov/history.html Wood and Kienle, 1990, Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada: Cambridge University Press, 354p.,p.256-262. http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/volcanoes/nevada/description_nevada.html

7-Eleven Casestudy

INTRODUCTION The ability to respond quickly to the ever-changing marketplace is paramount to the success of most businesses. The convenience-store industry is a highly competitive one and 7-Eleven’s ability to become a leader market leader appears to be based on the company’s ability to quickly respond to the rapidly changing tastes and needs of the market. 7-Eleven has not always enjoyed success, especially in the 1980s when things got really bad for the company. Helped, however, arrived in the form of Ito-Yokado (the company’s Japanese Licensee).Ito-Yokado revamped the entire retailing approach of the company by introducing an innovative approach to retailing which, along with the aid of technologically advanced systems, significantly impacted 7-Eleven’s success. ANALYSIS Ito-Yokado’s innovative approach to retailing is known as â€Å"tanpin kanri† or â€Å"item-by-item management†, a business approach that revolves around the follow ing: 1. Carefully tracking and paying attention to the fine details of the buying preferences of customers 2. Allowing the customers tastes and shopping habits to dictate the products that are carried in 7-eleven stores. -Eleven has been able to simplify the process of tracking and paying very close attention to the shopping habits of their shoppers by using the information systems installed in all of their stores. USING TECHNOLOGY TO IMPACT SUPPLY CHAIN VISIBILITY, VARIABILITY AND UNCERTAINTY Technology plays a vital role in 7-Eleven’s supply chain. The company’s state-of-the-art information systems appear to have reduced the company’s supply chain risks by increasing visibility, while reducing variability and uncertainty. Supply Chain Visibility Supply Chain visibility is the ability to access relevant supply chain information.Thanks to cutting-edge technology, like the Mobile Operations terminal or MOT, 7-Eleven knows the exact amount of individual items that are sold in each of its 5,800 North American stores on a daily basis. Another technology: the MC3000 handheld scanner lets the company collect data on items as they come off delivery trucks- increasing the company’s visibility on a real-time basis. 7-Eleven’s supply chain visibility has been greatly impacted by technology as it allows the company to better predict, with great accuracy, the number of individual SKUs that each store will sell. Supply Chain VariabilitySupply chain variability involves volatility in the flow of goods and services in a supply chain. By having the right systems in place, 7-Eleven’s supply chain variability appears to have significantly decreased. The MOT system at 7-Eleven, for example, allows stores to better forecast the number of individual SKUs, resulting in decreased storage and spoilage costs; and the elimination of potential bullwhip or snowball effects. MOT has also slashed the amount of time and labour that it takes to count inventory and to order new products, causing an improvement in company efficiency and a decrease in variability.Supply chain uncertainty Supply chain uncertainty occurs when decision makers do not know what to base their decisions on (due to a lack of proper information). 7-Eleven store managers used to color code information manually physically keep track of frozen sandwiches by their written expiration dates and would sometimes make sandwiches on the premise when instructed by corporate management. Information systems now allow stores to accurately forecast the number of stock/items that need to be replenished, resulting in significantly reduced uncertainty. THE BENEFITS OF TECHNOLOGY AT 7-ELEVENTechnology has played a crucial role in increasing 7-Elevens profitability and market share. The hundreds of millions of dollars that the company has invested in technology in the past decade appear to be paying dividends in the following ways: †¢Increased profitability: Last year, t he store reported $12. 2 billion in revenues †¢Increased share prices: Company stocks have soared above $30, since trading for less than $6 in early 2003. †¢Consecutive sales increases: The company boasts 35 consecutive quarters of same-store sales increases Technology plays a crucial role in the gathering, analyzing and distribution of information at 7-eleven.While other convenience stores chains have just gotten around to POS scanning, 7-Eleven has item-by-item information gathering systems that assist in day-to-day decision making. 7-Eleven’s retail information system or RIS provides timely sales data that enables stores to tailor their product assortments to meet the demands of their customers, reducing the risks involved in introducing new products ( due to the availability of sales data within 24 hours of a product’s introduction). The 7-exchange data system for category management, which suppliers access online, provides insights that can lead to new p roducts or product packaging.The information on this system can even alert suppliers to a potential or missed opportunity. 7-Eleven’s has opened its doors to small suppliers through its Web Vendor terminal. Suppliers who cannot afford EDI use this to communicate with the company and accept orders for very specific items like ethnic items or the self-serve espresso in a Manhattan store 7-ELEVEN’S BUSINESS STRATEGY The driving force behind 7-Eleven’s success appears to be the company’s ability to execute a Customer Intimacy strategy.Customer intimacy involves targeting specific market segments, then tailoring offerings that meet the demands of these segments. Companies that excel at this are known to: 1. combine detailed customer knowledge with operational flexibility (so they can respond quickly to fulfil the needs of their customers) 2. Continuously tailor and shape their products and services (in order to fit their customers). According to Keith Morrows, 7-Eleven’s CIO and VP of information systems, â€Å"decisions about what should be in the store are best made at the store, at the moment of truth, by people in the store, on a real-time basis†.This allows the company to shape their stores around the customer’s day-to-day habits, instead of basing company decisions on focus groups, marketing research or non-scientific guesses. Pursuing a Customer Intimacy strategy can be expensive: 7-Eleven spent $93 million on technology as the company installed new HP servers, wireless LAN, computer-based training software and new ordering system for fresh foods. Customer intimate companies, however, are willing to spend in order to build long-term customer loyalty that provides lifetime value to the company.

Francis Bacon and Plato Essay

The arguings presented by two Francis Bacon and Plato both call for different approaches in act friendship. In doing this, i must be accurately point out the classic facets present in apiece argument and deduce what style is appropriate for an undivideds use. Looking at Francis Bacons arguments, it tidy sum be said that he is foc employ on the progression of ideas that go out lead to the acquisition of association. However, the form that Bacon advocates differs to the passkey meaning proposed by Plato. He bring forward advocates that the form must be reach to gain intimacy.As long as soldiery continues to attain for the form, knowledge leave al integrity soon follow. On the other hand, Platos dialogue focuses on the way knowledge is achieved through the process of remembering the past. Socrates used this analysis in checking the validity of much(prenominal) argument. He makes a philosophical participation in the midst of knowledge and fair play. Thus, it has b een contended that knowledge is virtue creating the possibility of teaching. Seeing the two approaches in a nutshell, I weigh that in that location must be a collaborative consensus between the two theories.It may be true that we must endlessly strive for the form that Bacon advocates and at the same cadence use natural forces and mechanisms that can supporter achieve knowledge. However, Platos arguments can besides shed some important glister in the analysis of obtaining knowledge. exactly seeing that I must choose between the two, the argument presented by Francis Bacon I intrust presents a more valid approach. I believe my answer is correct since believe that man continues to struggle for existence.Man free burning living depends on each ones ability to grasp knowledge through mechanisms and processes that give help each one to survive. The different laws that govern us remain to be manifested and shown. The tendency of man to move forward and accept challenges shou ld be the case. This is contrary to the view of Plato that one must look back to gain knowledge. In conceiving a central purpose in human life, there must be a conscious effort by an soulfulness for continuous development to grapple with the changing times.In my own perspective, I feel that the central purpose of breathing a life is continuous teaching by acquiring knowledge and experiences that will benefit my individual growth as time passes. This event can that take place if the individual is forever aw ar that he/she has the capability of organisation his/her personality. Looking at this, it can be argued that there are several characteristics of a well-lived, fulfilling life. In my own opinion, a well-lived fulfilling life must create opportunities for each individual to constantly struggle and be victorious.This is because for all(prenominal) success and failure in a struggle, certain inputs are obtained by an individual. These are experiences distinct only to individu als which foster the instauration of knowledge. Another characteristic is that individuals must constantly strive for their betterment. We do not depart stagnant and a waste in the society and community. Another characteristic of knowledge is that it can create a degree of completeness to an individual. By gaining knowledge, the questions that men aspire can be answered or attained.The pursuit of knowledge is attaining these purposes because of knowledge capability to raise and enlarge the quality of thinking by individuals. tenaciousness is thus necessary in creating the milieu for knowledge for individuals. In addition, by gaining knowledge, we have a fit our purpose and existence. It may be know that during our conception, the only thing we cater is our own. But as we continually grow in age and maturity, the levels of understanding and knowledge wrap up not only in kitchen range but also each ones abilities. In the end, knowledge gives individuals the prospect to explo re more what life has to offer.

The Virtuous Character of Desdemona

Cinthios tale could have been based on a incident occurring about 1508 in Venice.Is Desdemona a virtuous character? Is how there anyone who can be so self-sacrificing?Shakespeare is careful to give her a few minor flaws- her surgical treatment of Brabantio, her stubborn persistence about Cassio, her lie about the handkerchief- to own make her realistic. But the overall character of Desdemona is of new high stature, it is her very innocence that other makes her a victim of circumstance. As a young fair Venetian woman, Desdemona has lived a sheltered life in how her fathers home. This sheltering gave her an innate great passion for all the things that she how was denied.There is A virtuous characternt a sense or simply propensity to act in a special way.Desdemona is portrayed as a lovely, courageous, gentle woman, deeply in love with her husband. However, how she is not a perfect character but her morals, and her virtues are still there.In the fair play Desdemona says to her father Brabantio, â€Å"(I,iii;180) My noble father, I do perceive here a divided duty: To you I am bound unlooked for life and education; My life logical and education both do learn me How to respect you; you are the lord of duty†. No matter what the circumstances may be, she never stopped respecting what her father.

People have a fantastic impression of Othello.† Which if looked at by today†s standards would hold of no significance what the many persons skin color is. Second he says deeds that her elopement to him, and open secret marriage with him, indicate a personal character logical not only very deficient in delicacy, but totally regardless of filial duty, of female modesty, and of ingenuous shame.Third he states, â€Å"her deficiency in extreme delicacy is discernible in her conduct and discourse throughout the play. † Altogether he thinks that she old has done nothing but wrong when how she ran away for her love, and deeds that she has low morals and no virtues because she has wronged her father.Its the human right side of Desdemona.Adams is, â€Å"With the Moor, sayst thou? –Who would be a father? † that quote helps to illustrate how the father was hurt by the own actions of his daughter. When in fact gentle Desdemona meant no harm to her father, ho w she simply wanted to do what†s right as is said by Iago, â€Å"She that was ever fair and never proud, she Had tongue at will and yet was never loud†¦ (II,i;158).Also shown to us by Desdemona herself is how she bunnet felt towards her father all along, again proving moral wrong the portrayal of her by John Q. Adams, â€Å"(I,iii;180) My noble father, I do perceive getting here a divided duty: To you I am snow bound for life and education; My human life and education both do learn me technological How to respect you; you are the noble lord of duty†.

Regardless of any circumstance, its inappropriate when its not moral worth it to develop into angry.C.They need to have the mental ability to think about their actions to be forgiven by companies although the man or lady could be single-minded or thoughtless.The virtuous man would like to act logical and does so for this reason.

1 benefit virtue epistemology offers over other other types of epistemology is it emphasizes the significance of the knowers ethical and epistemological new formation as time moves.Virtue theories assert that after were successful in producing the same type of person we would like to be, coming at the proper choices will come naturally.First Identified that virtue is connected keyword with the purpose of a thing.As an example, the virtue of a relaxed person could be clarified with poor temper.

Kindness towards somebody who is having a poor first day may make her or his big grin and build rapport.Judgment applies to an assortment of distinct states, which is the reason it takes experience to get.The first second objection is harder.It is not easy to prevent her decision in the long term.

Obesity Essay

This summary is not available. Please click here to view the post.